Harlem Renaissance Music Essay

Harlem renascence refers to the development of Afro-American arts and culture in the United States, now after the World War I. According to reports, the revolutionary development in the arts and culture started in Harlem, bran-new York, thus the name Harlem Renaissance. Harlem Renaissance is believed to withstand happened between years 1919 and 1930, with 1924 to 1929 as the years when it reached its peak (Charters S. and Kundstadt L. Harlem Renaissance).The initiators and participants of the Harlem Renaissance movement complicate the descendants of different societies who had witnessed and first-handedly experienced slavery. Most of which were Africans or tidy sum of African descent. Others were migrants from certain racial communities and were seeking for their place in a relatively unprejudiced society in the United States. What was common among the participants of Harlem Renaissance was their go for for the change especially in terms of racism and African stereotyping.Th e union of these people based on this one value had been the seed of Harlem Renaissance which because became a major influence on not plainly on people with African roots across the world but as well as on the culture of America (Hutchinson,G. Harlem Renaissance). In challenging the specter of racism, prejudice and African stereotyping, the participants of Harlem Renaissance invoked the power of cultural tools such as literature, art and practice of medicine to represent a different African-American who is both intellectual and productive, and in effect initiate their integration in society without any racial barrier. musical composition of this revolution was to uplift the spirit of the race by unifying their culture. The media of Harlem Renaissance would hold no definition for high-African culture or low-African bringing forth a new wave of artistic melodic lines of arts and literature, thus the rise of modernism and in particular, music, which gave birth to discolour and tip (Harlem Renaissance). Harlem Music vapours Blues and Jazz are two types of music that have developed in the Harlem Renaissance period. Blues, as its name implies represents music that evokes sadness, especially that inflicted by difficulties in livelihood and love.Blues is said to have evolved from the usual African hollers and by itself, could provide the listener with an insight of the history of African Americans from being communized to the emergence of individuation. Individualized or solo songs had never been usual in the African culture and the uniqueness of the characteristics of blues represents the then changing status of African-Americans their let go ofdom (McElrath, J. ). In blues, the individual is accent making this type of music a form that can be called personalized. Still, even though blues can be said to be far-off from the typical African music, some elements of the cultural type are still present in this new form. This is what characterizes blues as A frican and what gives this musical form a sort of nationality. The call-and-response characteristic of the African hollers for example are still present in blues, although has been somehow reinvented to fit in the characteristics of blues. In blues, responses are make not by another participant or some other external force but by the performer herself (McElrath, J. ).To reinstate, the characteristics of blues are a representation of the new African who is more self-assured and individualized. Blues singers are usually accompanied by guitars or harmonicas (Harlem Renaissance). Blues started as kinfolk blues sung at leisure, medicine shows and touring carnivals. It became classic blues as it was given professional quality by African vaudeville singers who corresponded with the folk singers. With the African-American migration to the North in early 20th century, is the blues music (Hutchinson,G. ). Blues music first came to New Orleans.With the inter-state migration of different music ians, the Blues music was scattered and was suitable to come to Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas, Chicago, Detroit and then New York where different Blues musicians started to unite and popularize the style as they perform in different clubs, theaters and dance halls (McElrath, J. ). Again, as blues became a representation of the Africans new-found freedom not only from slavery and prejudices but also from the dogmatic imposition by institutions such as churches, the popularization of the music did not become difficult.It was easily appreciated especially by those with African descent who were craving for entertainment, thus, the start of theaters and other entertainment halls (McElrath, J. ). It was in 1920 when the music became popular with Mamie Smiths Crazy Blues and Its Right Here For You. Blues music was at first marketed only to the African community but as music companies decided to exploit the opportunity to enter the new market, other artists like Bessie Smite, Ma Rainie, Albe rta Hunter and Ethel Waters sprang up and became popular blues performers (McElrath, J. ).As blues music continued to evolve, it gave rise to a new type of music which is now popularly known as have a go at it music. Jazz Jazz is considered as the characterizing music of the Harlem Renaissance. This type of music may appear to be simple for untrained ears but actually involves foreigner technicalities that continue to become part of the present American culture (Schuller, S. ). Jazz works based on the theory that any chord progression could be played using infinite amount of melodies.It involves talent and improvisation by both the singer and the instrumentalist, with the singer doing repeated chord progressions and the instrumentalist doing variations of vocal styles and brisk effects. The result is the collaboration of two improvisations in a single music (Schuller, S. ). As said earlier, blues contributed to the development of jazz. It can be noticed that blues themes and form s are incorporated into jazz music. This gives jazz music an African character.What characterizes jazz as a truly unique type of music, even from blues, is the flexibility in which it can be played. There are no rules in rhythm that must be followed allowing the each individual performer to become flexible and free in creating his or her own rhythm. The most common instruments used by jazz performers are piano, drums, strings and bass. The use of saxophones in jazz is usually connected to an evolutionary product of jazz called the Chicago style (Schuller, S. ). The Chicago style of jazz came about as a result of the migration of jazz artists to Chicago.This type of jazz is known for its soloist performances, relatively more complex and more difficult rhythms. Like the Blues music, the inter-state migration of artists contributed to the spreading of jazz music and its coming to New York made it a huge part of Harlem Renaissance (Morgan, T. and Barlow, W. ). A lot of jazz experimenta tion happened in New York. These experimentations contributed significantly to the current richness of jazz. The famous piano style, jazz stride was the first piano style to be incorporated into jazz and was very popular in New York.The jazz artist, Fatts Waller is famous for this style. He was also the artist who started the jazz technique, Boogie-Woogie which can be characterized as a combination of different rythms and techniques with a peculiar and repeating bass pattern. Boogie-Woogie after became what is now called Rhythm and Blues (Morgan, T. and Barlow, W. ). James Reese Europe initiated another style of jazz during the era which involved huge orchestras while jazz bands were first tell together by Fletcher Henderson.Included in Hendersons jazz band were Coleman Hawkins, Don Redman and Louis Armstrong. Blues artists often work with jazz bands and individual jazz artists (Morgan, T. and Barlow, W. Schuller, S. ). Harlem Renaissance Musicians Louis Armstrong was famous for h is technical and yet spontaneous abilities to play jazz. He is considered as among the greatest and influential of all Harlem Renaissance musicians. Unsurprisingly, Armstrong came from New Orleans which is one of the major places that contributed to the development of Harlem Renaissance music.He learned to play cornet while at a reform school when he was twelve and showed his interest in music by staying in blues and jazz clubs. His major influence was Joe King Oliver who became his father figure and mentor. Armstrong soon played for Olivers band in Chicago then left for New York to play for Fletcher Hendersons Orchestra. He also did lots of recordings with other Jazz and Blues artists like Clarence Williams, Red onion Jazz, Carrol Dickenson and his wife, Lilian (Harlem Renaissance). Duke Ellington is another musical figure in the Harlem Renaissance.He was a composer and pianist and is considered to have brought jazz into concert halls as well as in churches. His style of music can be described as a combination of blues, jazz and swing constructed in solo instrumental performances. He was in New York City during the presented Harlem Renaissance period in 1923. At this time he was able to organize a 10-piece band (Harlem Renaissance). Dizzy Gillespie, was a trumpeter who was able to develop Be-bop, with other famous artists like Charlie Parker, Thelonious Monk and Kenny Clarke.Be-bop was considered as the rebellious and eccentric style of jazz. Gillespie also incorporated Latin and Cuban elements such as calypso, rhumba and tango with jazz. In addition to his contributions to music, Gillespie was also a supporter of equal rights movement (Harlem Renaissance). Other artists during the Harlem Renaissance include Josephine Baker Bessie Smith, Billie Holiday, and Charlie Parker, among others. Harlem Renaissance was a point in history when African-Americans united to prove the error in stereotyping in terms of intellect and productivity.The developments in music, particularly in Blues and Jazz are certain products of this movement and have given justice to the movements objective proving that African-Americans can not only be superior but also developers and re-inventors of what was then just cultural and now all cultural, sensational and global.Works CitedCharters S. and Kundstadt L. , Jazz A History of the New York Scene, New York Da Capo, 1981. Harlem Renaissance, University of Texas. 2006. 09 Dec 2006 Harlem Renaissance. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 2006.Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 9 Dec 2006 . Hutchinson,G. , The Harlem Renaisance in Black and White, New York Belknap Press, 1997 McElrath, J. , The History of Blues Music. About African-American History. 2006. About, Inc. 9 Dec. 2006 http//afroamhistory. about. com/od/bluesmusic/a/bluesmusic. htm. Morgan, T. and Barlow, W. , From Cakewalks to Concert Halls An Illustrated History of African American Popular Music, From 1895-1930. Washington DC Elliot and Clark, 1992. Schuller, S. E arly Jazz Its Roots and Musical Development, New York Oxford, 1986.