National Family Welfare Program

The conception of family is as old as man himself. It is the basic social cell. Sociologists and economists have always been propounding the ways to rectify quality of life, which is difficult to achieve if the population remains unchecked. India launched a nation-wide Family Welfare chopine in 1952, during the scratch atomic number 23 year plan, making it the stolon country in the world to do so. COMPONENTS The interior(a) family offbeat Program in India has five components A. Maternal and child health, encompassing to re mathematical product and child health care.B. immunisation of pregnant women by tetanus toxoid and that of children infant and preschoolers by BCG, oral polio , diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and measles. C. nutritionary supplement- Iron and folic acid to pregnant women and children. Vit. A to prevent blindness D. Contraceptive facts of life and dissemination gratuitous and social marketing i. e Contraceptive Nirodh, Oral Contraceptive i. e Mala D, co pper T and that of wilful surgical contraception E. wellness education on primary health care particularly motivation to accept contraception.Emphasis on vasectomy was made in the national program, occurrently spacing contraception is bring forwardd. A. Maternal and peasant wellnessMCH It relates to health of mother during pregnancy, childbirth and post-natal period and that of newborn and neo-natal health. Reproductive and Child Health (RCH)- relates to extended MCH with adolescent and post-menopausal womans health. The RCH package covers 1. Pre-reproductive Adolescent years Health care of adolescent young woman including health promotion, proficient age of marriage > 20 years, prevention of unsafe abortion and prevention of sexually transmitted disease (STD/AIDS) . Reproductive Years Contraception. Legal Abortion ( MTP) Effective RCH care to ensure safe motherhood. Risk approach RCH care is streamlines Male involvement in RCH care is essential. Effective nutritional educa tion to all and inspection and repairs to the vulnerable group. Service to promote child survival. saloon and treatment of reproductive portion infection and sexually transmitted disease including HIV/AIDS high risk labor by automobile transport. Prevention and treatment of gynecological problems menstrual disorders or infertility. 3. Post reproductive Years Prevention and care of genital prolapse Education on menopause. Screening and treatment of cancer especially cervical cancer. B. Immunization Immunization to the mother and child was made one of the important approach. The WHO launched its Expanded program on immunization against six about common preventable childhood diseases, viz. diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), tetanus, polio, tuberculosis and measles. The political science of India launched its EPI in 1978 with the objective to reduce mortality and morbidity resulting from vaccine-preventable diseases of childhood and to achieve self sufficiency, in the productio n of vaccine.UIP in India was started in 1985. It has two vital components i. e. immunization of pregnant women against tetanus and immunization of children in their first year against the six targeted diseases. C. Nutritional supplement Special Nutrition program This program was started in 1970 for the nutritional benefit of children below 6 years of age, pregnant and nursing mothers and is in operation in urban slum, tribal areas and backward rural areas. The supplementary food supplies about 300 Kcal and 10-12 gms of protein per child per day.The beneficiary mothers match daily 500 Kcal and 25 gms of protein. This supplement is provided to them for about 300 days in an year. Balwadi Nutrition Program This program was started in 1970 for the benefit of children in the age group 3-6 years. It is below the overall charge of sub category of Social Welfare. The food supplement provides 300 Kcal and 10gms of protein per child. Mid-day Meal Program The program was started in 1961 wit h an objective to promote school admissions, prevent drop-outs and improve literacy of children. The food should be a supplement not a substitute. ?Should allow for at least 1/3rd of total energy and half of total protein requirement. ?Economical. ?Should be such that can be easily prepared at schools. ?Locally available. ?Avoid monotony. Integrated Child emergence Scheme (ICDS) ?Improvement of the nutritional and health status of children below 6 years of age, ? Basic service for proper psychological, physical and social development of the child, ? Reduction in the incidence of morbidity, mortality, malnutrition and school dropout, ?Effective coordination of insurance and implementation amongst the various departments to promote child development and ? Improvement of the capability of mother to look after(prenominal) normal health desires of the children. For achieving these objectives following steps were taken ?Supplementary Nutrition ?Immunization ?Health check-up ?Referral services ?Health and nutrition education ?Non-formal pre-school education. Creches for the children of working or ailing mothers. Welfare of Handicapped children ?Scholarships ? baffle schools. ?Educational and rehabilitative services. Financial assistance to voluntary organization. ?Integrated education with normal children in everyday schools. ?Training of t to each oneers. ?Manufacture and development of special aids. ?Special employment exchanges. The Under-five clinic. This type of service was developed to look at preventive curative and promotive health services in a unified manner The Under- quintuple pecker consists of record of weight, assessment of nutrition and necessary nutritional advice, Immunization, family planning advice, treatment of Illness. D. Contraceptive education and distributionContraception education received a new impetus with the creation of the Mass Education Media (MEM) division within the part of Family welfare during the Inter-plan period of 196 6-69. Under free distribution schemes and the Social Marketing Program, contraceptives, twain condoms and oral pills are sold at subsidized rates. E. Health Education on Primary Health Care. Health education on following components was given through various Health professionals. ?MCH care. ?Immunization. ?Nutrition furnish and Education. ?Adequate supply of safe Drinking Water, Personal Hygiene and basic sanitation. Prevention and control of local anaesthetic endemics. ?Appropriate treatment of common diseases and Injuries LANDMARKS oFirst five year plan- (1952-1955)- Establishment of few clinics ?Training and research was conducted. oSecond five year plan- (1961-1966)- Integrated family planning Health education activities and Community development programs. oThird five year plan- (1961-1966)- ?Family was say as the very centre of planned development. ?The emphasis was shifted from the purely clinical approach to the more vigorous extension education approach for motivating th e people for acceptance of the small family norm.Fourth Five year Plan- (1964- 1974)- Family planning services were rendered through sub centers, PHCs and MCH and Family welfare centers. alone India Post Partum Program was started in 1970 to motivate mother for planning soon after delivery. In 1972, Medical Termination of Pregnancy minute was implemented. oFifth Five Year Plan- (1974- 1979) Renamed as Department of Family Welfare. Population control and Family Planning were made con current subject in January 1977 by the 42nd amendment of constitution. 1977- Program got a boost by the involvement of VHGs, original Trained Dais and local opinion leaders. Sixth Five Year Plan- (1980 1985) To attain Health For All by year 2000, through Primary Health Care Approach the Government accepted National Health Policy in 1983 which laid down following goals ? Net Reproductive Rate 1 ?Crude Birth Rate 21/1000 live births ?Crude death rate 9/1000 population ?Couple protection rate 60% oSeventh Five Year Plan ( 1985- 1990) Department of family welfare was separated from Ministry of Health Universal immunization Program, oral rehydration therapy and various other MCH programs.All these programs were brought together under the Child Survival and Safe Motherhood Program (CSSM) oEighth Five Year Plan (1992 1997) Top antecedence to slower rate of population. Focus on delivery of quality services and integration of other services. April-96 draw a bead on free approach was announced emphasised on providing quality services on demand base on the need of people. RCH launched, included ?All components of safe motherhood programme with added components of RTI/STI. ?All components of Child Survival. ? fetidness regulation with a focus on quality care. Aims To improve the management services at central, state, partition and block level ? Seeks to attain holistic approach in implementation of this programme ? Focus on neglected geographical areas. ?Focus on previously neglected segments of population. oNinth Five Year Plan- (1997 -2002) Objectives ?Reduction in population growth ?Meeting all felt needs for contraception ?Reducing IMR and MMR and Maternal morbidness Rate so that reduced fertility rate is achieved. ?1997 -Target Free Approach was renamed as Community need Assessment Approach. ?A Comprehensive National Population Policy 2000 for achieving set goals and objectives.There has been significant decline in the mortality and fertility rates due to successive growth and development of family planning programe as shown in the following figure. CONCLUSION The Family Planning Programme in India has come a long way and is considered as a way of life by most people. It can be seen from the figure that there has been an awing increase in the outlays in the successive plan period. But in reality the outlay for each plan falls short especially for taking up any new venture because most of the cost is utilized for maintaining the infrastructure.